Method of securing a union between elements



Nov. 2 1926.

H. T. BELLAMY METHOD OF SECURING A UNION BETWEEN ELEMENTS Filed May 30,1924 Mil 0r 1%) 7 Patented Nov. 2, 1926.

UNITED STATES 1,605,205 PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY TRIBTRAM BELLAMY, OF RIVER FOREST, ILLINOIS, AEBIGNOB TO WESTERNELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, OE NEW YORK, 11'. Y., A. CORPORATION NEWYORK.

METHOD 0] SECURING A. UNION BETWEEN ELEIEHTS.

Application fled Kay 80, 1924. Ierlal Ho. 716,848.

This invention relates to a method of securing a union between elements,and more particularly to an improved method of attaching ceramicelements to each other.

6 The present invention is particularly applicable in the assemblin ofprotector blocks commonly used in eictrical circuits as a protectionagainst high tension alternating currents. In order to function proper-10 1y, a protector block of this type must meet various requirements; i.e., the character of the bond between the porcelain block and the carbonelectrodemust be such that it will not be deleteriously affected whensubjected to a given pressure, and the character of bonding materialused must be such that it will almost instantly melt and give way whensimultaneously subjected to a given current and pressure.

In order to meet the above mentioned requirements, several methods havebeen employed heretofore for securing a suitable bond etween the carbonelectrode and the porcelain block. One method consisted in securing thecarbon electrode to the porcelain block by some cementing material suchas a low melting point glass, the cementing material being made up inrods of small diameter, one end of the rod being placed ad'acent thesurfaces of the carbon and orce ain blocks, while the blocks were subected to a temperature sufliciently high to melt the glass, whereby theglass adhered to both blocks and served to cement them together. Inpractice it has been found that the making of the glass rods isexpensive, and, since they are necessarily small in diameter andexceedingl fragile, they may be easily broken in hand ing, producingmany lengths which are too short for an operator to manipulate incementing the blocks together, whereby a large wastage of lass rodsmight result.

nother method which has been employed in some instances in assemblingprotector blocks consisted in placing the carbon electrode in itsapproximate position in the porcelain block and then positionin a smalltablet of cementin material ad acent the two contacting sur aces of theblocks. The

assembled blocks were then subjected to a temperature sufiiciently highto melt the tablet so that it adhered to the contacting surfaces of theblocks thereby securing or bonding them together. This method alsoproved to be somewhat unsatisfactory due to the fact that it required ahigh degree of skill and careful supervision to produce satisfactoryresults.

The primary object of this invention is to provide a' simple,inexpensive and rapid method of effecting a union or bond betweenelements.

Another object of this invention is to provide a better bond betweenceramic elements, particularly porcelain and carbon.

A further object of this invention is to provide an improved method ofassembling protector blocks whereby a better bond is secured between thecarbon electrode and the porcelain block.

To attain these objects and in accordance with the general features ofthe invention, one method which may be employed in the assembling ofprotector blocks consists in applying a combustible adhesive, such as marabic, to the surfaces of the carbon b ock and then applyin a bondinmaterial, such as powdered lead crate, at t e points where the union isto be made. The carbon block is then placed in its ap roximatepositioirin the porcelain block and the arts so assembled are placed inan oven an subjected to a temperature sufiiciently hi h to consume theadhesive and soften the bonding material causing it to adhere to thecontacting surfaces of the blocks thereby securing them.together. Aftercooling, the assembled rotector block may then be reheated, and t ecarbon block accurately ositioned b the method and apparatus isclosed inatent No. 1,406,681, issued February 14, 1922, to R. E. ()ttman.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate one embodiment of theinvention,

F i 1 is an enlarged plan view of a carbon %lock with the surfaces towhich the porcelain block is to be secured provided with a stripe of gumarabic over which is superimposed a layer of powdered lead borate;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the block shown in Fig. 1;

Fi 3 is an enlarged plan view of an assemb ed protector block;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged bottom view thereof. and

Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4, showingthe manner in which the melted or fused lead borate adheres to thecontacting surfaces of the carbon and porcelain blocks.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, the reference numeral 7indicates a block of porcelain to which is secured a carbon electrode 8.To secure the carbon electrode to the porcelain block a stripe of gumarabic 9 or other combustible adhesive is applied to the surfaces of thecarbon electrode, as clearly shown in Fig. 1. A suitable quantity ofpowdered lead borate 10 is then superimposed and pressed into the gumarabic at the points where the union is to be made, and the electrode isthen placed in its approximate position in the porcelain block. Theassembled protector 'is then heated by placing it in an oven, or by anyother suitable method, to a temperature sufficiently high to consume thegum arabic and melt or fuse the lead borate causin it to become plasticand adhere to the a jacent surfaces of the carbon electrode and theporcelain block in the manner illustrated in Fig. 5. The protector isthen removed from the oven and in cooling, the bondingmaterialsolidifies, thereby securing the parts in their assembled positions. Theassembled protectors may then be reheated at a temperature at which thebonding material becomes plastic or soft, and the carbon blockaccurately positioned by the method and apparatus disclosed in theOttman patent heretofore referred to.

A particularly suitable bonding material for use in connection with thisinvention comprises lead 'borate in powdered form which consists ofapproximately 85% lead oxide and 15% boric acid. This is an importantadvantage of this method over the ormer methods, since powdered leadborate is much easier to prepare than lead borate rod or lead boratetablets. Any adhesive may be used as well as m arabic, it only beingnecessary that it b: either combustlble or fusible. Very satisfactoryresults have been obtained by firing the assembled blocks about fourminutes at a temperature of about 1100 F.

What is claimed is:

1. The method of securing two parts together consisting in treatin oneof the arts with an adhesive and a bon ing materia assembling the partsand then treating them.

so as to render the adhesive inefl'ective.

2. The method of securing two parts together consisting in treating oneof the parts with an adhesive and a bonding material, assembling theparts and then treating them so as to render the adhesive ineffectiveand cause the bonding material to become plastic.

3. The method of securing two parts together consisting in treating oneof the parts with an adhesive and a bonding material, assembling theparts and then treating them so as to render the adhesive ineffectiveand cause the bonding material to become plastic and adhere to theadjacent surfaces of both parts, thereby effecting a union between them.

4. The method of securing two parts together consisting in treating oneof the parts with an adhesive and a bonding material, assembling theparts and treating them so as to render the adhesive ineffective andcause the bonding material to become plastic and adhere to the adjacentsurfaces of both parts, then hardening said bonding material therebyrigidly securing the parts together.

5. The method of securing two parts together consisting in treating oneof the parts with an adhesive and a bonding material, assembling theparts and then subjecting them to a tem erature sufiiciently high toconsume the a esive.

6. The method of securing two parts'together consisting in treatin oneof the parts with a combustible a hesive and a fusible bonding material,assembling the parts and then subjecting them to a temperaturesufiiciently high to consume the adhesive and soften the bondingmaterial.

7. The method of securing two parts together consisting in applying anadhesive material to one of the parts adjacent the point where the unionis to be made, applying a bondin material to said adhesive material,assembling the parts and then sub- 'ecting them to a temperaturesufficiently igh to consume the adhesive material and cause the bondingmaterial to soften and adhere to both of said parts to effect a unionbetween them.

8. The method of securing a carbon part to a porcelain part, consistingin treating one of said parts with a considerable adhesive and a fusiblebonding material, assembling the parts and then subjecting them to atemperature sufficiently high to consume the adhesive and soften thebonding material.

9. The method of securing a union between a carbon part and a porcelainpart, consisting in applying a coating of combustible adhesive to thecarbon part, applying a layer of powdered cement over said combustibleadhesive, assembling the parts and subjectmg them to a temperaturesufficiently high to consume the adhesive and cause the cement to meltand adhere to both of said parts to cause a union between them.

10. The method of securing a union between a carbon part and a porcelainpart, consisting 1n app ying a coating of combustible adhesive to thecarbon part, superimposing alayer of fusible bonding material over saidadhesive material, assembling the parts and subjecting them to atemperature sufliciently high to render the adhesi.e ineffective andsoften the bonding material causing it to adhere to adjacent surfaces ofsaid parts, then hardening said bonding ma- I tei'ial, thereby rigidlysecuring the parts together.

11. The method of assembling a protector block which consists intreating a conducting element with an adhesive and a noncombustiblecement, depositing said element in an opening formed in a non-conductingblock to receive it, subjectin said block and elementto a temperature sociently high to consume the adhesive and melt the cement.

12. The method of assembling protector blocks, which consists inapplying an adhesive to a conducting electrode, applying a fusiblebonding material over said adhesive adjacent the point where the unionis to be made, positioning said electrode in an opening formed in anonconducting block to receive it, subjecting said block and electrodeto a temperature sufliciently high to render the adhesive ineffectiveand soften the bonding material causing it to adhere to adjacentsurfaces of both parts, and then hardening said bonding material,thereby rigidly securing the parts together.

13. The method of securing two parts together which consists in applyinggum arabic to one of the parts, applying lead borate over said gumarabic, assembling the parts and then subjecting them to a temrate inpowdered perature sufliciently high to consume the gum arabic and meltthe lead borate.

14. The method of securing two parts together consisting in applyin gumarabic to one of the parts adjacent t e oint where the union is to bemade, applying lead boform over said gum arabic, assembling the partsand then subjecting them to a temperature sufliciently high to consumethe gum arabic and cause the lead borate to melt and adhere to both ofsaid parts to cause a union between them.

15. A method of assembling protector blocks which consists in applyinggum arabic to an electrical conducting electrode,

applying lead borate over said gum arabic, depositing said conductingelectrode in an opening formed in a non-conducting block to receive itand then subjecting said block and electrode to a temperaturesufficiently high to consume the gum arabic and cause the lead borate tomelt and adhere to both of said parts to cause a union between them.

16. The method of securing two parts together consisting in applying anadhesive and a cementing material to one of the parts, assembling theparts, and then subjecting them to heat to render the cementing materialefi'ective for joining said parts.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 23 day of Ma A.D., 1924.

HARRY TRISTRAM BELLAMY.

effective and soften the bonding material causing it to adhere toadjacent surfaces of said parts, then hardening said bonding material,thereby rigidly securing the parts to gether.

11. The method of assembling a protector block which consists intreating a conducting element with an adhesive and a noncombustiblecement, depositing said element in an opening formed in a non-conductingblock to receive it, subjectin said block and element to a temperaturesu 'iciently high to consume the adhesive and melt the cement.

12. The method of assembling protector blocks, which consists inapplying an ad hesive to a conducting electrode, appl ing a fusiblebonding material over said a hesive adjacent the point where the unionis to be made, positioning said electrode in an opening formed in anonconducting block to receive it, subjecting said block and electrodeto a temperature sufficiently high to render the adhesive ineffectiveand soften the bonding material causing it to adhere to adjacentsurfaces of both parts, and then hardening said bonding material,thereby rigidly securing the parts together.

13. The method of securing two parts together which consists in applyinggum arabic to one of the parts, applying lead borate over said gumarabic, assembling the parts and then subjecting them to a temperaturesufliciently high to consume the gum arabic and melt the lead borate.

14. The method of securing two parts t0- gether consisting in applyinggum arabic to one of the parts adjacent the oint where the union is tobe made, applying lead borate in powdered form over said gum arabio,assembling the parts and then subjecting them to a temperaturesufiiciently high to consume the gum arabic and cause the lead borate tomelt and adhere to both of said parts to cause a union between them.

15. A method of assembling protector blocks which consists in applyinggum arabic to an electrical conducting electrode,,

applying lead borate over said gum arabic, depositing said conductingelectrode in an opening formed in a non-conducting block to receive itand then subjecting said block and electrode to a temperaturesufficiently high to consume the gum arabic and cause the lead borate tomelt and adhere to both of said parts to cause a union between them.

16. The method of securing two parts together consisting in applying anadhesive and a cementing material to one of the parts, assembling theparts, and then subjecting them to heat to render the cementing materialeffective for joining said parts.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 23 day of May A.1)., 1924.

HARRY TRISTRAM BELLAMY.

Certificate of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,605,205, grantedNovember 2,

1926, upon the application of Harr Tristram Bellamfi, for an improvementin Methods 0 Securing a Union e of River Forest, Illinois, tweenElements," an error appears in the printed specification uiringcorrection as follows: Page 2. line 108, claim 8, for the word considera1e read combustible;

and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correctiontherein that the same may conform to the record of the case in .thePatent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 18th day of January, D. 1927.

M. J. MOORE, I Acting Uommiasiomr of Patents.

Certificate of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent N 0. 1,605,205, grantedNovember 2, 1926, upon the application of Harr Tristram Bellam of RiverForest, Illinois, for an improvement in Methods 0 Securing a Unionetween Elements, an error appears in the printed specification r uiringcorrection as follows: Page 2, line 108, claim 8, for the Word considera1e read combustible; and that the said Letters Patent should be readwith this correction therein that the same may conform to the record ofthe case in .the Patent Ofiice.

Signed and sealed this 18th day of January, A. D. 1927.

[ M. J. MOORE,

Acting Commissioner of Patent.

